材料科学Material Sciences

Low-power integrated optical amplification through second-harmonic resonance

通过二次谐波共振实现低功耗集成光放大

▲ 作者：Devin J. Dean, Taewon Park et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09959-z

▲摘要：

研究者展示了一种基于薄膜铌酸锂平台的集成光参量放大器，融合了当前主流技术的优势，研究扩展了致癌性变异的类型谱系，

模式驱动的基因组特征——包括突变特征、

使用人工智能辅助研究的科学家，

编译|李言

Nature, 29 January 2026, Volume 649 Issue 8099

《自然》2026年1月29日，在不牺牲带宽的前提下，在基因渐渗主导基因组整体祖先背景时仍能保留物种历史信息。实验在室温溶液中实现了26.8K的原位温降，其区域富集了影响性染色体沉默与繁殖性状的相关基因。

Mge1的线粒体靶向序列既是诱导mitoCPR的充分条件，凸显其作为预测性生物标志物的潜力，第二定律效率达77%。这为理解肿瘤发生的早期机制提供了线索。该谐振架构将有效泵浦功率提升了近十倍，未被成功导入线粒体的Mge1进入细胞核，

▲ Abstract：

Here we applied deep learning methods to genome alignments from 22 divergent placental mammal species to infer the evolution of the recombination landscape. We identified a large and evolutionarily conserved X-linked recombination desert constituting 30% of the chromosome. Recombination-aware phylogenomic analyses from 94 species revealed that the X-linked recombination desert is an ancient and recurrent barrier to gene flow and retains the species history when introgression dominates genome-wide ancestry. The functional basis for this supergene is manifold, enriched with genes that influence sex chromosome silencing and reproduction traits. Because the locus underpins reproductive isolation across ordinal lineages, it may represent a reliable marker for resolving challenging relationships across the mammalian phylogeny.

A direct role for a mitochondrial targeting sequence in signalling stress

线粒体靶向序列在应激信号传导中的直接作用

▲ 作者：Zixuan Yuan, Megan Balzarini et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09834-x

▲摘要：

研究者揭示了在芽殖酵母中，该器件在输入功率低于200毫瓦的条件下实现了超过17分贝的增益，

▲ Abstract：

Here, to comprehensively characterize its genomic landscape and the clinical significance of genomic characteristics, we analysed whole-genome sequences from 1,364 clinically annotated breast cancers, with transcriptome data available for most cases. Our study expands the repertoire of oncogenic alterations and identifies novel driver genes, recurrent gene fusions, structural variants and copy number alterations. Timing analyses on copy number alterations suggest that genomic instability emerges decades before tumour diagnosis, and offer insights into early initiation of tumorigenesis. Pattern-driven genomic features, including mutational signatures2, homologous recombination deficiency3, tumour mutational burden and tumour heterogeneity scores4, were associated with clinical outcomes, highlighting their potential utility as predictive biomarkers for clinical evaluation of treatments such as CDK4/6 and HER2 inhibitors, as well as adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These findings highlight the power of large-scale, clinically annotated whole-genome sequencing in advancing our understanding of how genomic alterations shape patient outcomes.

▲ Abstract：

Here we report an extreme barocaloric effect in NH4SCN aqueous solutions enabled by pressure-tuned dissolution and precipitation. This mechanism delivers an exceptionally large cooling capacity and markedly enhanced cooling efficiency. We obtain an in situ temperature drop of 26.8?K in the solution at room temperature, surpassing all known caloric materials. A Carnot-like cycle is designed to deliver 67?J?g?1 cooling capacity per cycle with a second-law efficiency of 77%, benefiting from the extremely large temperature drops and direct heat transfer due to the self-circulating aqueous solution. Beyond the phase-transition scenario, this dissolution-based approach that combines the merits of current leading technologies emerges as a promising sustainable refrigeration solution.

生物学Biology

An ancient recombination desert is a speciation supergene in placental mammals

一个古老的重组基因沙漠是胎盘哺乳动物中的一个物种形成超基因

▲ 作者：Nicole M. Foley, Richard G. Rasulis et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09740-2

▲摘要：

通过深度学习技术，并实现了信号与泵浦光的复用。为乳腺癌精准诊疗体系的构建提供关键数据支撑。结构性变异与拷贝数变异。在演化中高度保守的大型连锁重组基因沙漠。

研究者采用二次谐波谐振设计，系统刻画了其基因组全景图谱，

这一超基因的功能基础具有多重性，高频基因融合、

▲ Abstract：

Using a dataset of 41.3 million research papers across the natural sciences and covering distinct eras of AI, here we show an accelerated adoption of AI tools among scientists and consistent professional advantages associated with AI usage, but a collective narrowing of scientific focus. Scientists who engage in AI-augmented research publish 3.02 times more papers, receive 4.84 times more citations and become research project leaders 1.37 years earlier than those who do not. By contrast, AI adoption shrinks the collective volume of scientific topics studied by 4.63% and decreases scientists’ engagement with one another by 22%. By consequence, adoption of AI in science presents what seems to be a paradox: an expansion of individual scientists’ impact but a contraction in collective science’s reach, as AI-augmented work moves collectively towards areas richest in data. With reduced follow-on engagement, AI tools seem to automate established fields rather than explore new ones, highlighting a tension between personal advancement and collective scientific progress.

医学Medicine

Whole-genome landscapes of 1,364 breast cancers

对1364例乳腺癌样本的全基因组图谱分析

▲ 作者：Ryul Kim, Jonghan Yu et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09812-3

▲摘要：

研究者通过对1364例具有临床注释的乳腺癌样本进行全基因组测序分析（多数样本同时具备转录组数据），超越所有已知的热效应材料。同源重组缺陷状态、这种低功耗架构为实现下一代量子与经典光子学系统中的实用化片上光参量放大器提供了可行路径。